A Field Loss Calculator for Field Drying CornĪdditionally, the University of Wisconsin developed a Harvest Field Loss Calculator Excel spreadsheet. Iowa State University has made available an online corn drydown calculator that can help users to estimate grain drydown in fields located in the Corn Belt region. Harvest delays had little or no effect on grain quality characteristics such as oil, protein, starch, and kernel breakage.Stalk lodging increased mainly after early mid-November. The highest increase in stalk rot incidence occurred between October and November harvest dates.An early crop harvest of these hybrids eliminated this effect. When the harvest was delayed, hybrids with lower stalk strength ratings exhibited greater stalk rot, lodging, and yield loss.When the harvest was delayed until mid-November or later, yields declined at plant populations above 30K/acre. Higher plant populations increased grain yields when harvest occurred in early to mid-October.Delaying harvest after early to mid-November achieved almost no additional grain drying. Grain moisture decreased by nearly 6% between October and November harvest dates.Nearly 90% of the yield loss associated with delayed corn harvest occurred when delays extended beyond mid-November.The results of this study provided insights into yield losses, changes in grain moisture, and stalk quality associated with delaying harvest. Several years back, an Ohio study evaluated the effects of plant populations (24K, 30K, 36K, and 42K plants/Ac) and three harvest dates (early-mid October, November, and December) on the agronomic performance of four hybrids (with different maturity and stalk quality). Plant standability, grain quality, and harvest lossesĪlthough the crop can be physiologically mature, non-favorable conditions can compromise the standability of stalks or lead to ear rots (decreasing grain quality or marketability). Conditions favorable for drying tend to be present earlier in the fall rather than later. In general, the combination of warmth, sun, and higher wind speeds all encourage drydown compared to colder temperatures, cloudy skies, and low wind or high humidity/rain. Later grain maturation usually means slower drydown.Early grain maturation usually means faster drydown.Plant characteristics (husk coverage, husk thickness, number of husk leaves) can also influence drydown.
Weather conditions (sunshine, rainfall, temperatures, wind) strongly influence drydown.Overriding observations on the in-field grain drydown of mature corn grain from Indiana included: Harvesting higher moisture grain brings more drying costs (and time). Various factors can drive slow or delayed grain drydown of mature corn grain before harvest, resulting in higher grain moisture at harvest. The moisture of kernels is close to 30-35 percent, but this can be variable, depending on factors like the genetics and the environment.
The R6 stage is the time when maximum kernel dry weight is reached. However, checking for the presence of the black layer inside kernels is the common method used to verify that the R6 stage has been achieved.
Also, it is important to note that physiological maturity technically happens before one can see the black layer in the kernel tips. Physiological maturity comes right after the milk line in the kernel has disappeared. The R6 growth stage happens approximately 55 to 65 days after silking (R1 stage). Here is a list of considerations as corn harvest decisions are being made: Physiological Maturity Whichever is the case, the field season is not complete until harvest is done. Fields planted too early, too late, or affected by other factors (e.g., replanting, soil crusting, dry periods, pest, disease) would not be expected to yield that well. Certainly, this would apply if adequate conditions persisted in the growing season. According to this report, corn condition was rated 64% good to excellent, which held close to reports earlier in the growing season.ĭespite 2022 being another challenging year, yield forecasts (see Table 1) show a high probability of near or above long-term average yields in Ohio (between 207 and 250 bu/Ac for the analyzed locations). On the same report, >90% was dented, and >50% was mature.
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